What is federalism?

Federalism is defined as a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent political units, such as states or provinces. This division allows for shared governance, where both the central and regional governments can enact laws and govern within their respective areas of jurisdiction.

In a federal system, the central authority typically handles national issues such as defense, foreign affairs, and immigration, while the constituent units manage local matters like education, transportation, and law enforcement. This structure promotes a balance of power, allowing for local governance while still maintaining a strong national framework.

The concept of federalism is important because it can create a more efficient government that is responsive to various regional needs, allowing for diversity in policy-making that reflects the unique characteristics of different areas. This distribution of power also serves as a check against the potential abuses of a central government, fostering a more democratic system where individuals have multiple levels of representation.