What is the main idea of "Social Contract Theory"?

The main idea of Social Contract Theory is that governments are established based on the collective agreement or consent of the individuals within a society. This theory posits that individuals come together to form a social contract, which outlines the rights and responsibilities of both the governed and the governing body. By entering into this agreement, people collectively agree to follow certain rules and norms in exchange for protection and the provision of services by their government.

The emphasis is on individual sovereignty and the belief that legitimate political authority arises from the consent of the governed, rather than being imposed by force or divine right. This concept has been foundational in the development of democratic ideas and institutions, as it underscores the importance of popular will in forming a government that serves the interests of its citizens.

Other options reflect different political philosophies. The belief that kings have a divine right to rule suggests authority granted by divine will rather than the consent of the people, while the idea emphasizing the dominance of law over individual rights showcases legal absolutism, which contrasts with the principles of social contract. Lastly, the notion that the strongest should lead society aligns with might-makes-right ideologies, which also diverges from the collective agreement premise central to Social Contract Theory.