What is the primary purpose of the U.S. Census?

The primary purpose of the U.S. Census is to count the population and collect demographic data, which is essential for a variety of social and governmental functions. This comprehensive count occurs every ten years and aims to provide an accurate reflection of the nation's population, including factors such as age, sex, race, and housing conditions.

The data gathered through the Census is crucial for determining representation in Congress, as it informs how many congressional seats each state receives based on its population. Additionally, the demographic data collected helps inform public policies, funding allocations for various governmental programs, and community planning across a wide range of sectors, including education, transportation, and healthcare.

While other options may touch on aspects influenced by Census data—such as economic assessments or funding for services—they do not encapsulate the core purpose of the Census itself, which is fundamentally centered on counting the population and gathering detailed demographic information.