What system of government divides power between the national and state governments?

Federalism is the correct answer because it is a system of government that distributes authority and responsibility between a national government and various state or regional governments. This structure allows for multiple levels of governance, where both the national and state governments have the power to enact laws, manage resources, and conduct affairs.

In federal systems, there is typically a constitution that delineates the specific powers and responsibilities of each level of government, providing a framework that promotes a balance of power. This division can help accommodate the diverse needs and preferences of different regions while maintaining a cohesive national policy.

In contrast, a unitary system centralizes power at the national level, with any regional authorities deriving their powers from the national government, leading to less autonomy for local or state governments. Similarly, a confederation consists of a loose alliance of independent states that come together for specific purposes but retain most of their sovereignty, often resulting in weak central authority. A monarchy, on the other hand, is a system of governance led by a single ruler, usually a king or queen, where power is not typically divided between different levels of government.