Which amendment to the Constitution protects freedoms of speech and assembly?

The First Amendment to the Constitution is foundational in protecting several key freedoms, most notably the freedoms of speech and assembly. It explicitly states that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble." This amendment ensures that individuals can express their thoughts and ideas without fear of government interference and can gather peacefully for protests, rallies, or any group gatherings that serve a constitutional purpose.

Understanding this amendment is critical for recognizing the importance of civil liberties in a democratic society. The other amendments listed focus on different rights. For instance, the Second Amendment addresses the right to bear arms, the Fourth Amendment protects against unreasonable searches and seizures, and the Eighth Amendment deals with excessive bail, fines, and cruel and unusual punishments. Each of these amendments serves a unique purpose, but it is the First Amendment that specifically safeguards expression and assembly.