Which document outlines the rights of citizens and the structure of government in the United States?

The U.S. Constitution is the foundational document that outlines both the rights of citizens and the structure of government in the United States. It establishes the framework for the federal government, detailing the roles and powers of the three branches: the legislative, executive, and judicial. Additionally, the Constitution sets forth the principles of democracy and rule of law, including the separation of powers and checks and balances to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful.

Moreover, the Constitution also includes the Bill of Rights, which consists of the first ten amendments that specifically guarantee individual rights and liberties, reinforcing the rights of citizens. This intertwining of governance structure and citizen rights makes the Constitution the most comprehensive document regarding these aspects in U.S. law and governance.

The Declaration of Independence primarily focuses on the reasons for separation from British rule and expresses the colonies' aspirations for individual freedoms but does not detail government structure. The Articles of Confederation served as the first governing document for the United States but were largely ineffective due to their lack of a strong central government. The Bill of Rights, while crucial for protecting individual rights, is a part of the Constitution and does not, by itself, outline government structure.