Which principle is NOT included in the Constitution?

The principle of direct democracy is not included in the Constitution. Instead, the Constitution establishes a representative democracy, where elected officials represent the interests and will of the people. While direct democracy involves citizens voting on laws and policies themselves, the structure of the U.S. government necessitates representatives who are accountable to the populace through elections. The Constitution provides mechanisms for this representative system rather than direct citizen governance in most instances.

On the other hand, popular sovereignty, separation of powers, and checks and balances are fundamental principles embedded within the Constitution. Popular sovereignty refers to the idea that the authority of the government is derived from the people's consent. Separation of powers divides government responsibilities among distinct branches (executive, legislative, and judicial) to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. Checks and balances create a system where each branch of government can limit the powers of the others, ensuring accountability and balance in governance.