Who is credited with the phrase "separation of church and state"?

The phrase "separation of church and state" is most commonly attributed to Thomas Jefferson, who used it in a letter to the Danbury Baptist Association in 1802. In this correspondence, Jefferson articulated the concept that religion should be kept separate from government affairs, ensuring that the state does not interfere with religious practices and vice versa. This letter is significant as it has influenced interpretations of the First Amendment and the relationship between religion and government in the United States.

This principle aims to protect the rights of individuals to practice their religion freely without governmental interference, reflecting Jefferson's belief in the importance of individual liberties. His advocacy for this separation helped to cement it as a foundational concept in American democracy, influencing legal discussions and interpretations of religious freedom. Understanding Jefferson's role is crucial when studying the development of religious freedom in American law and how it applies to contemporary issues.